Nigeria has more young graduates than ever before. Yet, across the country, businesses say they can’t find the workers they need. It’s a puzzling situation: unemployment is officially low, but job vacancies remain unfilled. This is the central paradox in Nigeria’s Skills Gap: Beyond the Rhetoric, a detailed 2025 report by Uchechukwu C. Ajuzieogu.

The report takes a closer look at why this “skills gap” keeps making headlines and what can be done to fix it.

Why the debate is so heated

On one side of the debate are employers who say graduates don’t have the right skills. On the other side are workers who argue that low pay, poor infrastructure, and lack of opportunities are the real problem.

The truth, Ajuzieogu explains, is that both sides are partly right. Nigeria produces millions of graduates every year, but most leave school without the digital or practical skills needed for today’s jobs. At the same time, many who do have the right skills are leaving the country for better pay and working conditions abroad.

So, the real issue isn’t simply a “lack of skills”, it’s that the system doesn’t connect education, pay, and opportunities in a way that works.

Where the shortages hurt the most

The report shows that the skills gap looks very different depending on the sector:

• Tech: Nigeria has a booming tech scene, yet companies often struggle to hire senior engineers with advanced knowledge. Many skilled developers choose remote jobs for foreign companies that pay far more.
• Healthcare: Nigeria could be short by more than 50,000 doctors by 2030. Thousands of nurses and doctors are moving abroad, leaving hospitals at home understaffed.
• Manufacturing: Over 700 factories shut down in 2023, partly because there weren’t enough workers with the right technical know-how.
• Agriculture: Young people are not drawn to farming, even though modern farming needs skills in technology, logistics, and business.

The pattern is clear: Nigeria doesn’t lack educated people—it lacks a system that turns education into real, hands-on ability.

Education: Learning but not applying

One of the report’s strongest points is that the education system isn’t preparing students for the workplace. Many leave universities with strong theory but little practice. Strikes, outdated courses, and teacher shortages make things worse.

One graduate said it best: “I knew every formula in the book, but when I got my first job, I couldn’t solve real problems.”

This is where newer education models make a difference. Some institutions like Nexford now focus on projects, problem-solving, and real-world application rather than memorization. They also emphasize soft skills like communication, teamwork, and critical thinking, which are things employers in Nigeria say are missing.

Government’s big push: The 3MTT Program

The government has launched its most ambitious plan yet: the 3 Million Technical Talent (3MTT) program. Over 1.7 million Nigerians applied for just 270,000 training slots in the latest round, a sign of just how hungry people are for skills.

The results are promising. Many participants are already finding jobs or starting their own businesses. But challenges remain like funding, training quality, and the fact that many graduates still look abroad for better opportunities.

The lesson here is simple: training programs matter, but unless pay, infrastructure, and career growth improve at home, Nigeria risks preparing talent only to lose it.

What needs to change

Ajuzieogu suggests several ways forward:

1. Tailored training – Focus on the skills each sector actually needs, rather than one-size-fits-all programs.
2. More hands-on learning – Give students opportunities to practice through internships, apprenticeships, and projects.
3. Closer ties between schools and employers – So graduates are job-ready from day one.
4. Better infrastructure – Reliable electricity, internet, and facilities are essential for skilled work.
5. Smarter migration policies – Instead of trying to stop people from leaving, create ways for Nigerians abroad to keep contributing back home.

Looking ahead

At the heart of this debate is a simple truth: Nigeria’s young people are eager, ambitious, and ready to learn. But without the right systems, their potential isn’t being fully tapped.

As Ajuzieogu concludes, solving the skills gap means moving beyond talk and focusing on real, practical solutions. That means education that prepares people for real jobs, workplaces that pay fairly, and policies that give young Nigerians a reason to stay and build their futures at home.

If Nigeria can bridge this gap, its people could become its greatest driver of growth, turning today’s crisis into tomorrow’s opportunity.

Source: Ajuzieogu, Uchechukwu C. Nigeria’s Skills Gap: Beyond the Rhetoric. Research report, August 2025.